全球設計風向感謝來自 青·微舍（武漢）工作室 的商業空間（酒吧）項目案例分享：
防空洞 Air-Raid Shelter
“重慶，是一座布滿防空洞的城市 … 上上下下，密密麻麻，到處都是 … 當火鍋跟防空洞結合的時候，就產生了重慶最大的特色 … ”楊慶導演2016年的電影《火鍋英雄》給我們刻畫了“洞子火鍋”這一奇觀式的餐飲空間。
“Chongqing is a city full of air-raid shelters… When the hot pot is combined with the air-raid shelter, the biggest feature of Chongqing would be created…” The movie “Hot Pot Hero” has portrayed the spectacle-style dining space of “air-raid shelter hot pot”.
抗戰期間，重慶軍民挖掘了當時世界上最龐大的防空工程網，麵積超過150萬平方米。據陪都防空司令部的統計檔案顯示：1937年，重慶市共有防空避難設施54個，可容納7208人，僅占重慶在冊人口的1%。從1938年起，日本正式對重慶市區進行轟炸，國民政府隨之加快防空工事的建設。至1942年，重慶防空洞數量已達1603個，平均每平方公裏就有178個防空洞，基本可以容納全部市民。
During the Anti-Japanese War, Chongqing military and civilians excavated the world’s largest air defense engineering network, covering an area of more than 1.5 million square meters. According to the statistical archives of the Air Defense Command, in 1937, there were 54 air defense and shelter facilities in Chongqing, which could accommodate 7208 people, accounting for only 1% of the registered population in Chongqing. Since 1938, Japan officially bombed the urban area of Chongqing, and the National Government has accelerated the construction of air defense works. By 1942, the number of air-raid shelters in Chongqing had reached 1,603, with an average of 178 air-raid shelters per square kilometer, which could accommodate all citizens.
如今，山城巍然、洞口森森，但硝煙已散。
Today, the mountain city and bomb shelters remain, but the fighting is over.
∇ 曆史
重慶獨特的“防空洞文化”開始融入百姓生活：在沒有空調的年代，常年保持4℃的防空洞先是成了納涼和幽會的聖地；隨後，被當成異類的搖滾青年們也來了，帶著樂器，吼著名副其實的“地下搖滾”；進入21世紀，市政府在修建軌道交通的時候，充分利用了原來的防空洞係統，並隨之帶動了更多公共功能的植入，有的被改造成了地下商場、火鍋店、博物館… 而那些小塊頭的則被改成了五金店、小賣部、社區納涼點… 截止2019年，重慶主城區人防工程開發利用率已達到了91%。
Chongqing’s unique “air-raid culture” began to integrate into the people’s life: in the era of no air-conditioning, the 4°C air-raid shelter was sanctuaries for the cool and retreat; then, the rock-and-roll youths also came with musical instruments; entering the 21st century, the city government made full use of the original air-raid system when building rail transit, and then led to the implantation of more public functions. The air-raid shelters were transformed into underground shopping malls, hot pot restaurants, museums… while those small ones have been changed into hardware stores, canteens, community cool spots… By 2019, the utilization rate of civil air defense projects in Chongqing’s main urban area has reached 91%.
印製一廠 Printing factory
本項目是由原重慶市印製一廠內的防空洞改造的酒吧。
This project is a bar transformed from the original air-raid shelter in the 1st Printing factory in Chongqing.
重慶有兩座由老廠區改造的網紅文創園：枇杷山的印製一廠與鵝嶺的印製二廠，這對姊妹廠修建於上世紀30年代，跟印鈔票的二廠不同，一廠有著被灰塵覆蓋的書卷氣質，它曾經承擔了重慶乃至川東片區出版課本、圖書和期刊的任務。
Chongqing has two Creative Parks transformed from the old factory area: the 1st printing factory in loquat mountain and the 2nd printing factory in ELing mountain. These sister factorys were built in the 1930s, unlike the 2nd printing factory that print the banknotes. The 1st factory has the temperament of books covered by dust. It once assumed the task of publishing textbooks and periodicals of the whole eastern part of Sichuan.
一廠位於一條次幹道“枇杷山後街”的盡端，廠區共八棟建築順著山勢圍合出三組院落。
The factory is located at the end of the Loquat Mountain Back Street. A total of eight buildings in the factory area are combined with three courtyards along the mountain.
∇ 總平
第一進最大的院子是文創園的停車場，周圍的多層老廠房中已進駐了各類獨立藝術工作室，斑駁的紅磚牆點綴以炫目的彩色玻璃與黑鋼，肅穆的革命標語搭配上新潮的塗鴉和招牌，這是典型改造項目的氛圍，由老建築與“新材料”調配出的熟悉味道。
The first and largest yard is the parking. The surrounding multi-story old factories have been stationed by various independent art studios. The mottled red brick walls are decorated with dazzling glass and black steel. The solemn revolutionary slogan paired with trendy graffiti and signboards, this is the atmosphere of a typical renovation project.
沿著西端的山路拾級而上，是由兩棟老職工宿舍圍合出的第二進狹長形院落，它們整體被改造成了造型華麗的江景酒店“山鬼”，它對自己的曆史身份並無太多留戀，在這個略顯破敗的老街區中驕傲的展示著自己超群的“顏值”。
Along the mountain road, it is the second narrow courtyard enclosed by two old staff quarters. They have been transformed into a gorgeous river view hotel named “Mountain Ghost”, which has not much nostalgia for its own historical identity. “He” proudly displays “his” superior “Face Score” in this slightly dilapidated old block.
酒店的北側就是本項目的所在地：由老職工宿舍、防空洞、以及川軍名將郭勳祺的公館圍合出的第三進楔形院落，現已被作為山鬼酒店的後院重新開發，改造成一個帶有酒吧的戶外休閑場所。
The north side of the hotel is the location of the project: the third courtyard enclosed by the old staff quarters, bomb shelter and former residences of the Sichuan military star Guo Xunqi. It has been redeveloped as a backyard of the “Mountain Ghost Hotel”.
庭院 Yard
院子東側是建於1934年的文物保護建築郭勳祺公館；南側的老職工宿舍一樓已被改造為山鬼酒店的餐廳，同時也是進入後院的主入口；北側是三個聯排的小型防空洞，磚石結構的連續拱，其中最東邊的一個被郭公館擋住了大半個入口。院子中央是一株老槐樹，樹冠撐滿了整個院子。
On the east side of the yard is the former residences of the Sichuan military star Guo Xunqi, which is a cultural relic-protected building built in 1934. The first floor of the old staff quarters on the south side has been transformed into the restaurant of the “Mountain Ghost Hotel”, which is also the main entrance to the backyard. The north side is three small air-raid shelters, but the easternmost one was blocked by the former residences of the Guo Xunqi. In the center of the yard is an old banyan tree with a canopy that fills the entire yard.
∇ 演變
麵對這樣一個麵積不大，且中央被巨大樹池所占據的院子，結合防空洞貼著院子北端布置酒吧幾乎是唯一的選擇，既能夠充分利用庭院中最具特點的元素，也能麵向酒店餐廳形成最佳的觀賞麵。
Faced with such a small area, and the center is occupied by a huge tree pond, put the bar at the north end of the yard is almost the only choice, to make full use of the most characteristic elements in the courtyard.
三個防空洞互不聯通，每個占地麵積約為4m*4m，拱腳距地麵僅2.1m，如何在其基礎上發展出適合酒吧的空間是該設計的重點。
The three air-raid shelters are not connected to each other. Each floor space is about 4m*4m, and the arch is only 2.1m away from the ground. How to develop a space suitable for the bar is the focus of the design.
∇ 軸側
首先增加了一條寬2.5米的前廊將三個防空洞串聯起來，但這樣的平麵更像是一條走廊連接的三個包間，而非酒吧。為了消解這種狀態，我們利用半圓形的吧台將其中兩個防空洞進行了空間上的“橋接”，讓酒吧平麵變為以一堵老石牆為軸心的放射性空間，從而強化其整體感，而另一個入口被擋住大半的防空洞則被用作儲藏空間（酒窖）。但這樣的布局導致操作空間更加局促，因此酒架無法按照常規放在吧台的背後，而是被設置在防空洞的盡端，形成整個酒吧的背景牆。
Firstly, a 2.5-meter-wide front porch was added to connect the three air-raid shelters, but the plan is more like a series of cubicles connected by a corridor. To eliminate this state, we use a semi-circular desk to spatially “bridge” two of the air-raid holes, to make the bar plan become a radioactive space centered on an old stone wall, thus strengthening the overall sense. However, such a layout leads to smaller operation space, so the wine rack cannot be placed behind the bar as usual, but is placed at the end of the bomb shelter to form the background wall of the bar.
1/4球體 1/4 Sphere
為了銜接防空洞的拱頂與新增前廊的平頂，我們將前廊高度控製在拱腳的位置，並在前廊屋頂上用1/4的球體來銜接防空洞的拱券，從而實現新舊部分在外部形態和室內空間上的自然過度。
In order to connect the vaulted roof to the flat roof of the new front porch, we control the height of the front porch at the arched foot and use a 1/4 sphere to connect the wall, so as to realize the natural transition between the old and new parts in the external form and internal space, respectively.
新增前廊部分除了主梁采用100mm*100mm的C型鋼外，其餘的檁條與柱子統一采用50mm*40mm方鋼管（其中柱子由五根鋼管焊接成十字柱），這是附近建材市場中唯一的小規格結構材料。屋頂頂板與底板均為5mm厚鍍鋅鋼板，內襯保溫層固定在檁條之間，外掛排水溝底部齊屋頂底板，並向外傾斜，保證簷口高度僅為35mm。折疊推拉門的軌道被藏於C型鋼主梁之中，保證室內外屋頂底麵的連續性不被任何構件打斷。而銜接平屋頂與拱頂的球體也在室內被忠實的呈現，但內壁材料更換成了鏡麵不鏽鋼，它將背後酒架的殘影扭曲、揉碎後重新投射出來，讓燈紅酒綠的室內氛圍愈發迷離和虛幻。
The main beam adopts 100mm*100mm C-shaped steel, and the other beams and columns are uniformly made of 50mm*40mm square steel pipe (the column is welded by five steel pipes into a cross column), which is the only small scale structural material in the nearby building materials market. The roof and the bottom of the roof are both 5mm thick galvanized steel sheets. The external drainage ditch is tilted outwards to ensure that the height of the cornice is only 35mm. The track of the folding sliding door is hidden in the C-shaped main beam to ensure that the continuity of the indoor and outdoor roof bottom is not interrupted by any member. The spheres that connect the flat roof and the vault are also perfectly presented indoors, but the inner wall material is replaced with mirror stainless steel, It re-projects the distorted image of the wine rack, making the indoor atmosphere more and more blurred and illusory.
∇ 平麵
∇ 立麵
∇ 剖麵
完整項目信息
主持建築師：胡興、劉常明、餘凱
技術設計：劉常明，盧百舸
室內設計：寇宗捷
設計團隊：肖磊，王誌錚，貴溥健，劉晨陽，錢曼，陳雨墨
設計單位：青·微舍（武漢）工作室
聯係郵箱：contact@studio-qing.com
竣工時間：2019年10月
項目地址：重慶市渝中區
建築麵積 ：108㎡
業主 ：山鬼（重慶）酒店管理有限公司
材料：MASAR, 尖創金屬, 深圳聖吉利
攝影：趙奕龍
Leader designer：HU Xing, LIU Changming, YU Kai
Technical design：LIU Changming，LU Baige
Interior design：COU Zongjie
Design team：XIAO Lei, WANG Zhizheng, GUI Fujian, LIU Chenyang, QIAN Man, CHEN Yumo
Design: Qing Studio
Contact e-mail：contact@studio-qing.com
Design/Completed: Oct. 2019
Location：Yuzhong District, Chongqing
Gross built area: 108㎡
Owner：Shangui (chongqing) hotel management co. LTD
Photographer：ZHAO Yilong
