智利以碳化木作為建築外立麵的住宅設計-設計風向

Casa Hualle是位於智利阿勞卡尼亞地區Pucon鎮附近的家庭住宅，位於首都聖地亞哥以南約900公裏。該地區以其美麗的開闊鄉村、溫帶雨林、湖泊和東部安第斯山脈環繞的火山而聞名。

Casa Hualle is a family home located near the town of Pucon in the Araucania region of Chile, approximately 900km south of the capital Santiago. The area is renowned for its beautiful open countryside, temperate rainforests, lakes and volcanoes that are bounded by the Andes mountains to the east.

場地信息

這棟房屋位於南部的維拉裏卡火山鄉村丘陵地帶的一個緩坡處，北麵是同名的湖。建築的設計融入了這種自然環境和優越的環境所帶來的美景。

兩層建築是一個雕塑體量，提供230平方米的住宿空間。它的形式和方向是對地形傾斜的回應，最大化了對湖和火山的視野，以及該地區特有的小氣候。

房子孤零零地坐在半公頃的空地上，三麵都是牧場。從馬路上穿過一小片成熟的橡樹和栗樹林，也可以阻止車輛通過。

自然地形從南入口逐漸向上傾斜到地產的中點，然後更陡地下降到北麵的湖邊。房子坐落在這片土地的中央斜坡上，充分利用了這一高架位置從四麵八方提供的外觀。

通過公路靠近時，這棟房屋在山坡上呈現出一種突出的簡單的黑色形式，讓人想起該地區傳統的大型農用瀝青屋頂棚。相比之下，從主穀往北看，建築依偎在一起，融入了鄉村田園般的環境。

Site Response
The house is located on a gently sloping site in the rural foothills of the Villarrica volcano to the south and the lake, of the same name, to the north. The building is designed to embrace this natural environment and the outstanding views afforded by its privileged setting.
The two storey building is a single sculptural volume providing 230m2 of accommodation. Its form and orientation is a response to both the sloping terrain of the land, maximising the views towards the lake and the volcano, and the particular microclimate of the area.
Sitting in solitude on a half a hectare of open land, the house is bounded on three sides by pasture farmland. It is accessed from the road through a small forest of mature oak and chestnut trees, which also provide a barrier from passing traffic.
The natural terrain slopes gradually upwards from the southern access point to the mid point of the property then falls more steeply towards the lake side to the north. The house sits on this central brow of the land, taking advantage of the aspect afforded on all sides by this elevated position.
Approaching by road the house appears as a prominent simple black form on the hillside, reminiscent of the traditional large agricultural pitched-roof sheds found in the area. In contrast, when viewed from the main valley to the north, the building nestles and blends into its rural pastoral surrounds.

建築形式

1.最初設計為一個簡單的矩形體塊，通過一係列的操作和幹預，設計演變為更加雕塑化的建築形式:矩形的足跡延伸到與火山軸線垂直的南側，創造了不規則的平麵和體量。

2.住宅的入口通過西南角整體體量的一個大開口來強調。屋頂延伸到這個凹槽上方，提供了遮蔽物，進一步強調了入口。入口的朝向為主要來自北方的盛行風和雨提供了進一步的遮蔽。

3.建築體量的一個凹處位於一樓的北側，創造了一個懸垂物，以遮擋夏季強烈陽光照射下的大麵積玻璃。

4.屋頂的幾何轉換從一個典型的東北搭山牆在短期結束faç正麵平屋頂上相反的西南faç外殼。這種過渡創造了折疊屋頂平麵的動態布局。

Building Form
Initially conceived as a simple rectangular volume, the design evolved through a series of manipulations and interventions to create the more sculptural form of the building:

1.The rectangular footprint is extended to align the south side perpendicular to the axial view of the volcano creating an irregular floor plan and volume.

2.The entrance to the house is emphasised by a large cut-out in the overall volume on the southwest corner. The roof extends above this recess to provide shelter and further accentuating the entrance. The orientation of the entrance provides further shelter from the prevailing wind and rain predominantly from the north.

3.A recess in the building volume on the north side at ground floor level creates an overhang to shade the large expanse of glazing from the intensity of the summer sun.

4.The geometry of the roof transforms from a typical pitched gable end on the short northeast façade to a flat roof on the opposite southwest façade. This transition creates a dynamic arrangement of folding roof planes.

建築材料與元素

住宅的黑色外觀與該地區的建築相似，這些建築通常都被該地區的黑色火山岩所覆蓋。Casa Hualle從石頭的外觀和重量出發，在黑色防水麵料上覆蓋了垂直的深色軟木板條，提供了一種更加短暫的肌膚質感。窗戶的大小和位置因外部景觀的內部景觀而異，在建築外部創造了一個看似隨意的組合。

房子坐落在整個周邊的外部混凝土露台上。這個表麵的坡度和台階與自然地形的水平相呼應。遊泳池垂直於軸線上的這個基座，可以看到火山和湖泊的景色。

內牆與深色的外牆並置，內牆內襯著蒼白的、幾乎是白色的染色膠合板。自然木材的暖色調圍繞著窗戶，形成了整個牆的深度，突出了作為畫框的內部空白畫布與外部景觀。這些精心組合的外部景觀具有重要意義，類似於房子內牆上的繪畫。

整個房子都使用了拋光的混凝土板。混凝土融合了黑色火山砂和骨料，與蒼白的牆壁和天花板形成了暗對比。模仿外部幾何結構，屋頂結構內襯石膏板形成天花板。這種動態折疊天花板完全由外部周邊牆支撐，不受內部隔斷牆的影響，在整個建築內部蜿蜒流動。

Building Materials & Elements
The dark external appearance of the house resembles buildings in the area that are typically clad in the black volcanic stone of the region. Diverging from the appearance and physical heaviness of stone, Casa Hualle is clad in vertical dark-stained softwood timber slats over a black waterproof fabric, providing a more ephemeral skin-like quality. Dictated by the internal views to the outside landscape, the windows vary in size and position, creating a seemingly random composition on the building exterior.
The house sits on an external concrete terrace to the entire perimeter. This surface slopes and steps in response to the levels of the natural terrain. A swimming pool projects perpendicular to this plinth on axis with the views of the volcano and the lake.
In juxtaposition to the dark exterior, the interior walls are lined in pale, almost white, stained plywood. The warmer colour of the natural wood surrounds of the windows, which line the entire depth of the wall, punctuate this interior blank canvas acting as picture frames to the outside views. These carefully composed views of the outside take on a significance, similar to paintings on the inside walls of the house.
A polished exposed concrete slab is used throughout the house. The concrete incorporates black volcanic sand and aggregate, providing a dark contrast to the pale walls and ceiling. Emulating the external geometry the roof structure is lined in plasterboard on the inside to form the ceiling. Supported solely on the external perimeter walls, and uninterrupted by internal partition walls, this dynamic folding ceiling flows sinuously for the entire length of the building interior.

室內布置

住宅的居住空間被簡單地安排在一個中心的雙層體量周圍。這個中心空間位於一個南北走向的軸線上，有大的玻璃開口，可以看到火山和湖泊的景色。北玻璃窗，一係列開放的金屬框架滑動門，利用冬季的低日照進入空間深處，在夏季的幾個月裏，建築的外部懸垂物保護了空間。這個中心空間是家庭的社交中心，在底層容納廚房、餐飲和生活空間。兩個獨立的客臥和浴室位於該空間的東側和西側的底層。

一樓的主臥室和浴室通過工作室、圖書館和走廊通過樓梯進入，可以俯瞰主要中心空間。

Interior Arrangement
The accommodation of the house is arranged simply around a central double height volume. This central space is orientated on a north-south axis with large glazed openings exploiting the views of the volcano and the lake. The north glazing, a series of opening metal framed sliding doors, takes advantage of the low winter sun entering deep into the space, which is otherwise protected during the summer months by the external overhang of the building. This central space is the social heart of the home, accommodating the kitchen, dining and living space at ground level. Two separate guest bedrooms and bathrooms are located at ground level to either side of this space on the east and the west sides of the house.
The master bedroom and bathroom on the first floor is accessed by stair via the studio, library and gallery walkway that overlook the main central space.

可持續發展及能源策略

出於對自然環境的考慮，以及由於其偏遠的位置，該住宅力求在環境上盡可能自給自足。這是通過一係列消極措施和幹預措施實現的;

• 建築朝向和高度隔熱的外部(超出法規要求);

• 窗戶大小和位置，在有利的地方最大化或最小化太陽增益;

• 利用內部裸露混凝土表麵的熱質量來調節內部溫度;

• 新水井鑽到一個深層含水層，以提供所有的水需求的房子。除了這些措施，供暖主要是由位於房子中心的燃木火爐提供的。這個爐子包含了一個獨特的過濾係統，目的是減少煙被釋放到外部環境。

Sustainability & Energy Strategy
With concern for the natural environment and due to its remote location the house seeks to be as environmentally self sufficient as possible. This is achieved by a series of passive measures and interventions;

building orientation and highly insulated exterior (beyond regulatory requirements);
window sizes & positions that maximise or minimise solar gain where beneficial;
utilising the thermal mass of the interior exposed concrete surfaces to regulate the internal temperature;
new water well bored to a deep lying aquifer to provide all the water requirements of the house. In addition to these measures, the heating is primarily provided by a wood burning stove located in the heart of the house. This stove incorporates a unique filtration system which aims to minimize smoke being released into the external environment.